Comprehensive McDonnell Douglas C-9B Skytrain II Technical Documentation Collection - 54 Official NAVAIR Manuals

This definitive collection provides complete technical documentation for the McDonnell Douglas C-9B Skytrain II, the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps' primary aeromedical evacuation and logistics transport aircraft. The collection includes 54 official NAVAIR technical manuals covering flight operations, organizational maintenance procedures, aircraft systems, powerplant operations, wiring diagrams, and complete technical specifications for this military variant of the legendary DC-9 jetliner.

Definitive Collection with Free Lifetime Updates: This is a living collection that we continuously expand and refine. As we acquire additional C-9B Skytrain II documentation, technical bulletins, Service Bulletins, Airworthiness Directives, or variant-specific materials, we update this collection and provide free lifetime updates to all purchasers. Your one-time purchase guarantees access to all future additions and improvements to this collection.

Historical Note

The McDonnell Douglas C-9B Skytrain II represents one of the most successful commercial-to-military aircraft conversions in aviation history. First delivered to the U.S. Navy in 1973, the C-9B served as the primary aeromedical evacuation and logistics transport aircraft for the Navy and Marine Corps for over four decades, retiring in 2014 after 41 years of distinguished service.

Design Origins and Development (1970-1973): The C-9B program originated from the Navy's requirement for a modern jet transport to replace aging piston-engine aircraft for aeromedical evacuation and fleet logistics support. McDonnell Douglas proposed a military variant of the highly successful DC-9 Series 30 commercial jetliner, which had proven its reliability and efficiency in airline service worldwide since 1965. The DC-9's twin-engine configuration, excellent short-field performance, and economical operation made it ideal for military adaptation.

The C-9B conversion incorporated significant military modifications while retaining the DC-9's proven airframe and systems. Key military features included reinforced cabin floors rated for 250 pounds per square foot (versus 125 psf for commercial DC-9s), large cargo doors for rapid loading/unloading, specialized aeromedical equipment installations, military avionics and communications systems, auxiliary power unit for ground operations independence, and provisions for rapid reconfiguration between passenger, cargo, and aeromedical evacuation roles.

Production and Delivery (1973-1976): A total of 21 C-9B Skytrain IIs were delivered to the U.S. Navy between 1973 and 1976. The aircraft were assigned to Fleet Logistics Support Squadrons, primarily VR-46 (later VR-52) operating from Naval Air Station North Island in California and VR-57 at Naval Air Station Joint Reserve Base Willow Grove in Pennsylvania. Additional C-9Bs served with other Navy Reserve squadrons supporting fleet operations worldwide.

Technical Specifications and Performance: The C-9B was powered by twin Pratt & Whitney JT8D-9 turbofan engines, each producing 14,500 pounds of thrust. This powerplant configuration provided excellent reliability, fuel efficiency, and performance characteristics ideally suited for military transport operations. Maximum takeoff weight was 108,000 pounds, with a maximum payload capacity of 32,000 pounds in cargo configuration.

Performance capabilities included cruise speeds of 500 mph (Mach 0.76) at 25,000-35,000 feet, maximum range of 1,565 nautical miles with full payload, service ceiling of 37,000 feet, and excellent short-field performance with takeoff distances under 6,000 feet. The aircraft's pressurized cabin maintained sea-level conditions up to 24,000 feet, critical for aeromedical evacuation missions transporting critically injured patients.

Multi-Role Versatility: The C-9B's greatest strength was its rapid reconfigurability for multiple mission profiles. In standard passenger configuration, the aircraft carried 107 passengers in airline-style seating. For aeromedical evacuation missions, the cabin could be reconfigured to accommodate 40 litter patients plus 40 ambulatory patients, with specialized medical equipment, oxygen systems, and attendant stations. In cargo configuration with all seats removed, the C-9B could transport up to 32,000 pounds of freight, palletized cargo, or oversized equipment through the large cargo door.

Operational Service and Combat Missions (1973-2014): Throughout its 41-year service life, the C-9B performed critical missions supporting naval operations globally. The aircraft's primary role was aeromedical evacuation, transporting wounded service members from combat zones during Operations Desert Storm (1991), Iraqi Freedom (2003-2011), and Enduring Freedom (2001-2014). The Skytrain II's pressurized cabin, smooth ride characteristics, specialized medical equipment, and ability to maintain precise cabin pressure and temperature made it ideal for transporting critically injured patients requiring intensive care during long-distance evacuation flights.

Beyond medical evacuation, C-9Bs provided essential logistics support for the Navy and Marine Corps, transporting personnel, critical spare parts, technical equipment, and supplies to support fleet operations worldwide. The aircraft's ability to operate from civilian airports made it particularly valuable for reaching locations without military airfields, and its reliability record was exceptional—many C-9Bs accumulated over 50,000 flight hours during their service lives with dispatch reliability rates exceeding 95%.

Retirement and Legacy (2014-Present): The C-9B remained in active service until 2014, when the last Skytrain IIs were retired after 41 years of faithful service. The aircraft was replaced by the C-40 Clipper (military version of the Boeing 737-700) and other modern transports offering greater range, payload capacity, and updated avionics. Several retired C-9Bs were transferred to civilian operators or museums, while others were placed in storage or scrapped.

The C-9B's long service life, exceptional reliability, and critical contribution to naval aviation logistics and aeromedical evacuation secured its place as one of the most successful military transport conversions of a commercial airliner. The aircraft saved countless lives through rapid medical evacuation and supported naval operations worldwide for over four decades. Today, while the C-9B no longer serves in military roles, the DC-9 platform continues flying in civilian service, and many former C-9B crew members and maintainers preserve the aircraft's legacy through warbird organizations and aviation museums.

Manuals Included in This Collection - 54 Official NAVAIR Technical Documents

Flight Operations Manuals (4 manuals)

• McDonnell Douglas C-9 Aircraft Flight Manual - T.O. 1C-9A-1
• McDonnell Douglas C-9 Aircraft Flight Manual Performance Data - T.O. 1C-9A-1-1
• McDonnell Douglas DC-9 (Series 30) Aircraft Pilot's Handbook Flight Manual - 1985
• McDonnell Douglas C-9 Aircraft Flight Manual - NAVAIR 01-C9BAAA-1

Organizational Maintenance Instructions - General (12 manuals)

• Douglas C-9B / DC-9 Aircraft Maintenance Instructions Organizational - Introduction - NAVAIR 01-C9B-2-1
• Douglas C-9B / DC-9 Aircraft Maintenance Instructions Organizational - Tool and Equipment Manual - NAVAIR 01-C9B-2-1-1-1
• Douglas C-9B / DC-9 Aircraft Maintenance Instructions Organizational - Inspection Procedures Manual - NAVAIR 01-C9B-2-2
• Douglas C-9B / DC-9 Aircraft Maintenance Instructions Organizational - Time Limits/Maintenance Checks Manual - NAVAIR 01-C9B-2-5
• Douglas C-9B / DC-9 Aircraft Maintenance Instructions Organizational - Dimension and Areas Manual - NAVAIR 01-C9B-2-6
• Douglas C-9B / DC-9 Aircraft Maintenance Instructions Organizational - Lifting and Shoring Manual - NAVAIR 01-C9B-2-7
• Douglas C-9B / DC-9 Aircraft Maintenance Instructions Organizational - Levelling and Weighing - NAVAIR 01-C9B-2-8
• Douglas C-9B / DC-9 Aircraft Maintenance Instructions Organizational - Towing and Taxiing - NAVAIR 01-C9B-2-9
• Douglas C-9B / DC-9 Aircraft Maintenance Instructions Organizational - Parking and Mooring - NAVAIR 01-C9B-2-10
• Douglas C-9B / DC-9 Aircraft Maintenance Instructions Organizational - Required Placards - NAVAIR 01-C9B-2-11
• Douglas C-9B / DC-9 Aircraft Maintenance Instructions Organizational - Servicing - NAVAIR 01-C9B-2-12
• Douglas C-9B / DC-9 Aircraft Maintenance Instructions Organizational - Standard Practices - Airframe - NAVAIR 01-C9B-2-20

Organizational Maintenance Instructions - Aircraft Systems (17 manuals)

• Douglas C-9B / DC-9 Aircraft Maintenance Instructions Organizational - Air Conditioning - NAVAIR 01-C9B-2-21-1
• Douglas C-9B / DC-9 Aircraft Maintenance Instructions Organizational - Auto Flight - NAVAIR 01-C9B-2-22-1
• Douglas C-9B / DC-9 Aircraft Maintenance Instructions Organizational - Communications - NAVAIR 01-C9B-2-23
• Douglas C-9B / DC-9 Aircraft Maintenance Instructions Organizational - Electrical Power - NAVAIR 01-C9B-2-24-1
• Douglas C-9B / DC-9 Aircraft Maintenance Instructions Organizational - Equipment/Furnishing - NAVAIR 01-C9B-2-25
• Douglas C-9B / DC-9 Aircraft Maintenance Instructions Organizational - Fire Protection - NAVAIR 01-C9B-2-26
• Douglas C-9B / DC-9 Aircraft Maintenance Instructions Organizational - Flight Controls - NAVAIR 01-C9B-2-27-1
• Douglas C-9B / DC-9 Aircraft Maintenance Instructions Organizational - Fuel - NAVAIR 01-C9B-2-28
• Douglas C-9B / DC-9 Aircraft Maintenance Instructions Organizational - Hydraulic Power - NAVAIR 01-C9B-2-29-2
• Douglas C-9B / DC-9 Aircraft Maintenance Instructions Organizational - Ice and Rain Protection - NAVAIR 01-C9B-2-30
• Douglas C-9B / DC-9 Aircraft Maintenance Instructions Organizational - Instruments - NAVAIR 01-C9B-2-31
• Douglas C-9B / DC-9 Aircraft Maintenance Instructions Organizational - Landing Gear - NAVAIR 01-C9B-2-32-1
• Douglas C-9B / DC-9 Aircraft Maintenance Instructions Organizational - Lights - NAVAIR 01-C9B-2-33
• Douglas C-9B / DC-9 Aircraft Maintenance Instructions Organizational - Navigation - NAVAIR 01-C9B-2-34-1
• Douglas C-9B / DC-9 Aircraft Maintenance Instructions Organizational - Oxygen - NAVAIR 01-C9B-2-35
• Douglas C-9B / DC-9 Aircraft Maintenance Instructions Organizational - Pneumatic - NAVAIR 01-C9B-2-36
• Douglas C-9B / DC-9 Aircraft Maintenance Instructions Organizational - Water Waste - NAVAIR 01-C9B-2-38

Organizational Maintenance Instructions - Airframe Structures (6 manuals)

• Douglas C-9B / DC-9 Aircraft Maintenance Instructions Organizational - Airborne Auxiliary Power - NAVAIR 01-C9B-2-49
• Douglas C-9B / DC-9 Aircraft Maintenance Instructions Organizational - Structures - NAVAIR 01-C9B-2-51
• Douglas C-9B / DC-9 Aircraft Maintenance Instructions Organizational - Doors - NAVAIR 01-C9B-2-52
• Douglas C-9B / DC-9 Aircraft Maintenance Instructions Organizational - Fuselage - NAVAIR 01-C9B-2-53
• Douglas C-9B / DC-9 Aircraft Maintenance Instructions Organizational - Nacelles/Pylons Manual - NAVAIR 01-C9B-2-54
• Douglas C-9B / DC-9 Aircraft Maintenance Instructions Organizational - Stabilizers Manual - NAVAIR 01-C9B-2-55

Organizational Maintenance Instructions - Airframe Components (2 manuals)

• Douglas C-9B / DC-9 Aircraft Maintenance Instructions Organizational - Windows Manual - NAVAIR 01-C9B-2-56
• Douglas C-9B / DC-9 Aircraft Maintenance Instructions Organizational - Wings Manual - NAVAIR 01-C9B-2-57

Organizational Maintenance Instructions - Powerplant (11 manuals)

• Douglas C-9B / DC-9 Aircraft Maintenance Instructions Organizational - Standard Practices - Engines Manual - NAVAIR 01-C9B-2-70
• Douglas C-9B / DC-9 Aircraft Maintenance Instructions Organizational - Power Plant Manual - NAVAIR 01-C9B-2-71
• Douglas C-9B / DC-9 Aircraft Maintenance Instructions Organizational - Power Plant Build-Up Manual - NAVAIR 01-C9B-2-71-1
• Douglas C-9B / DC-9 Aircraft Maintenance Instructions Organizational - Engine Fuel and Control Manual - NAVAIR 01-C9B-2-73
• Douglas C-9B / DC-9 Aircraft Maintenance Instructions Organizational - Ignition Manual - NAVAIR 01-C9B-2-74
• Douglas C-9B / DC-9 Aircraft Maintenance Instructions Organizational - Air Manual - NAVAIR 01-C9B-2-75
• Douglas C-9B / DC-9 Aircraft Maintenance Instructions Organizational - Engine Controls Manual - NAVAIR 01-C9B-2-76
• Douglas C-9B / DC-9 Aircraft Maintenance Instructions Organizational - Engine Indicating Manual - NAVAIR 01-C9B-2-77
• Douglas C-9B / DC-9 Aircraft Maintenance Instructions Organizational - Exhaust Manual - NAVAIR 01-C9B-2-78
• Douglas C-9B / DC-9 Aircraft Maintenance Instructions Organizational - Oil Manual - NAVAIR 01-C9B-2-79
• Douglas C-9B / DC-9 Aircraft Maintenance Instructions Organizational - Starting Manual - NAVAIR 01-C9B-2-80

Organizational Maintenance Instructions - Technical Data (2 manuals)

• Douglas C-9B / DC-9 Aircraft Maintenance Instructions Organizational - Charts Manual - NAVAIR 01-C9B-2-91
• Douglas C-9B / DC-9 Aircraft Maintenance Instructions Organizational - Wiring Diagram Manual - NAVAIR 01-C9B-2-91-2-1

This collection provides comprehensive coverage of all C-9B Skytrain II systems, from basic flight operations through detailed organizational maintenance procedures, powerplant operations, aircraft systems, structural components, and complete wiring diagrams. The 54 official NAVAIR manuals represent the complete technical library used by Navy and Marine Corps maintenance personnel and flight crews throughout the aircraft's 41-year service life.

Engineering Norms and Standards

The C-9B Skytrain II was designed, manufactured, and maintained to rigorous military and commercial aviation standards:

Commercial Certification Standards: The baseline DC-9 Series 30 airframe was certificated under FAR Part 25 (Transport Category Aircraft) by the Federal Aviation Administration, with Type Certificate A20WE originally issued to Douglas Aircraft Company (later McDonnell Douglas, now Boeing). The commercial certification provided the foundation for military adaptation, ensuring compliance with stringent structural, systems, and safety requirements for transport category aircraft.

Military Specifications and Standards: Military modifications were designed and tested to applicable MIL-SPECs including MIL-STD-810 (Environmental Engineering), MIL-STD-461 (Electromagnetic Interference), MIL-A-8860 (Airplane Strength and Rigidity), and MIL-A-8861 (Airplane Flight and Ground Handling Qualities). The reinforced cabin floor structure, cargo door installations, and military systems integrations were engineered to military standards while maintaining compatibility with the commercial DC-9 airframe.

NAVAIR Technical Directives: Throughout its service life, the C-9B was maintained according to NAVAIR technical directives, maintenance instructions, and inspection requirements. The comprehensive NAVAIR 01-C9B series manuals in this collection represent the official technical standards for organizational and intermediate maintenance, ensuring fleet-wide consistency and airworthiness compliance.

Powerplant Standards: The Pratt & Whitney JT8D-9 turbofan engines were maintained to commercial and military standards, with overhaul and inspection intervals defined by Pratt & Whitney Commercial Engines technical publications and NAVAIR directives. Engine reliability and performance were critical for aeromedical evacuation missions, and the JT8D's proven track record in commercial service translated to exceptional military reliability.

Aeromedical Equipment Standards: Medical equipment installations, oxygen systems, patient litter stations, and medical attendant facilities were designed and installed to applicable military medical standards, ensuring safe transport of critically injured patients under varying flight conditions. Cabin pressurization, temperature control, and vibration isolation were maintained to standards appropriate for intensive care patient transport.

Quality Control and Inspection: Military acceptance inspections, periodic depot-level maintenance, and continuous airworthiness monitoring ensured C-9B fleet reliability throughout the 41-year service period. The aircraft's exceptional dispatch reliability (exceeding 95%) and safety record demonstrated the effectiveness of rigorous military maintenance standards applied to a proven commercial airframe.

Specialized Documentation

Military Modifications and Configurations: While the C-9B retained the basic DC-9 Series 30 airframe, numerous military-specific modifications were incorporated including reinforced cabin floor structure, large cargo door installation, military avionics and communications systems, auxiliary power unit for ground independence, specialized aeromedical equipment installations, and provisions for rapid role reconfiguration. Documentation of these military modifications is included in the NAVAIR maintenance manuals in this collection.

Service Bulletins and Technical Directives: Throughout its service life, the C-9B fleet was supported by NAVAIR Service Bulletins, Technical Directives, and fleet-wide modifications addressing safety improvements, system upgrades, and operational enhancements. While this collection focuses on the core NAVAIR maintenance manuals, researchers interested in specific Service Bulletins or Technical Directives should contact NAVAIR Technical Publications or the National Naval Aviation Museum archives.

Commercial DC-9 Relationship: The C-9B's close relationship to the commercial DC-9 Series 30 means that many commercial DC-9 technical publications, Service Bulletins, and engineering data are applicable to C-9B systems and structures. Researchers working with C-9B documentation may benefit from accessing commercial DC-9 technical libraries maintained by Boeing (current Type Certificate holder) and DC-9 operators worldwide.

Transition to Civilian Service: Several retired C-9B aircraft transitioned to civilian cargo or passenger service after military retirement. These aircraft required modifications to remove military-specific equipment and restore full commercial DC-9 configuration. Documentation of military-to-civilian conversion processes may be available through FAA records and civilian operators who acquired former C-9B aircraft.

Where to Find Additional Documentation

Official Support - Current Type Certificate Holder:

• Boeing Commercial Airplanes - As successor to McDonnell Douglas, Boeing holds the Type Certificate for the DC-9 family and maintains technical support for remaining DC-9 operators worldwide. Boeing's Commercial Aviation Services division can provide access to Service Bulletins, Airworthiness Directives, and engineering support for DC-9/C-9B systems and structures. Contact: Boeing Commercial Aviation Services, Seattle, Washington.
• Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) - The FAA maintains records of all Airworthiness Directives, Type Certificate Data Sheets, and regulatory documentation for the DC-9 family under Type Certificate A20WE. These records are publicly accessible through the FAA Aircraft Certification Service and provide critical airworthiness information applicable to C-9B aircraft.
• Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR) - NAVAIR maintains archives of C-9B technical publications, Service Bulletins, Technical Directives, and engineering change proposals developed during the aircraft's 41-year service life. Contact NAVAIR Technical Publications Division for access to historical C-9B documentation.

Historical Archives - Museums and Research Organizations:

• National Naval Aviation Museum - Located at Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida, the museum maintains extensive archives of naval aviation technical documentation including C-9B manuals, photographs, and operational records. The museum's research library is accessible to researchers and historians studying naval aviation history.
• Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum - The museum's archives include McDonnell Douglas corporate records, DC-9 development documentation, and military transport aircraft history. Researchers can access technical drawings, engineering reports, and historical photographs related to C-9B development and operations.
• DC-9 Enthusiast Organizations - Several aviation enthusiast groups focus on DC-9 family history and preservation, including former C-9B operators and maintainers. These organizations maintain technical libraries, operational histories, and photographic archives documenting C-9B service with the Navy and Marine Corps.
• Former C-9B Squadron Associations - Veterans' organizations for former VR-46, VR-52, VR-57, and other C-9B squadrons preserve operational histories, crew experiences, and technical knowledge from decades of C-9B operations. These associations are valuable resources for understanding real-world C-9B operations and maintenance practices.

Specialty Vendors - Aviation Documentation Providers:

• Online Aviation Library - Our organization specializes in preserving and providing access to comprehensive aviation technical documentation collections. Beyond this C-9B collection, we maintain extensive libraries of military and commercial aircraft manuals, blueprints, and technical publications. We continuously expand our collections and provide free lifetime updates to purchasers as additional documentation becomes available.
• Aviation Technical Publishers - Several specialized publishers maintain libraries of military aircraft technical manuals, including NAVAIR publications for retired naval aircraft. These vendors can provide access to supplementary C-9B documentation, related DC-9 commercial manuals, and Pratt & Whitney JT8D engine publications.
• Military Surplus Documentation Dealers - Dealers specializing in military surplus technical publications occasionally offer C-9B manuals, NAVAIR directives, and related documentation from government surplus sales. These sources can provide access to specific technical publications not included in standard collections.

Format and Delivery

All 54 manuals are provided as high-quality PDF files, organized in a clear folder structure for easy navigation. Files are searchable, allowing quick location of specific procedures, part numbers, or technical information. Compatible with all modern devices including computers, tablets, and smartphones. Instant download delivery upon purchase completion.

Copyright Notice: This digital compilation, structure, indexing and presentation are © Sicuro Publishing. All copyrights owned by Online Aviation Library are registered in Canada under the company name Sicuro Publishing in the Canadian Copyright Database. For manufacturers still in business, bilateral agreements are in place allowing sale of common information for outdated aircraft models, engines, helicopters, and parts.

IMPORTANT DISCLAIMER - MODERN MILITARY AIRCRAFT DOCUMENTATION

CRITICAL NOTICE: This collection contains historical U.S. Navy technical manuals from a recently retired military aircraft (C-9B Skytrain II, retired 2014). These documents are sold EXCLUSIVELY for historical research, archival preservation, museum reference, and educational purposes.

NOT FOR OPERATIONAL USE: These manuals are NOT intended for, and MUST NOT be used for:

• Current aircraft maintenance, repair, or modification of any DC-9 or C-9 variant
• Airworthiness certification or compliance activities
• Flight operations or crew training for active aircraft
• Parts procurement or installation on operational aircraft
• Any purpose requiring current, FAA-approved, or NAVAIR-approved technical data

CURRENT AIRWORTHINESS INFORMATION: The DC-9 family (including former C-9B aircraft) remains in limited civilian service. Operators of DC-9 aircraft MUST obtain current technical data, Service Bulletins, and Airworthiness Directives from:

• Boeing Commercial Airplanes (current Type Certificate holder for DC-9 family)
• Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) for current Airworthiness Directives
• Approved maintenance organizations with access to current technical publications

HISTORICAL ARCHIVE STATUS: These NAVAIR manuals represent the technical documentation used during the C-9B's active military service (1973-2014). They are preserved in this collection as historical records of naval aviation technical practices and military transport operations. The manuals may not reflect:

• Current FAA regulations or certification requirements
• Post-retirement modifications or Service Bulletins
• Current Boeing technical standards for DC-9 family aircraft
• Modern avionics, systems, or equipment installations
• Current military or civilian airworthiness requirements

COPYRIGHT AND GOVERNMENT WORKS: These manuals were originally produced by or for the U.S. Navy (NAVAIR). While U.S. government works are generally not subject to copyright protection under 17 U.S.C. § 105, this collection is sold as a compiled historical archive with added value through organization, indexing, and digital preservation. Our copyright claim extends only to the compilation, structure, and presentation—not to the underlying government-produced content.

NO WARRANTY OR GUARANTEE: We make NO representations or warranties regarding:

• Completeness, accuracy, or currency of any manual in this collection
• Suitability for any operational, maintenance, or certification purpose
• Compliance with current regulations, standards, or best practices
• Applicability to any specific aircraft, configuration, or operation

INTENDED USERS: This collection is intended exclusively for:

• Aviation historians researching naval aviation and military transport operations
• Museum curators preserving C-9B Skytrain II heritage and technical knowledge
• Academic researchers studying military aircraft conversions and aeromedical evacuation
• Veterans and former C-9B crew members preserving operational memories
• Collectors of military aviation documentation and naval aviation history
• Authors, journalists, and media professionals researching C-9B history

LEGAL COMPLIANCE: Purchasers are solely responsible for ensuring their use of these materials complies with all applicable laws, regulations, and intellectual property rights. This collection is sold with the understanding that it will be used only for lawful historical, educational, and research purposes.

LIMITATION OF LIABILITY: Online Aviation Library and Sicuro Publishing shall not be liable for any damages, losses, or consequences arising from the use or misuse of these historical documents. Users assume all risks and responsibilities associated with their use of this collection.

Reference herein to any specific commercial products by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, is not meant to imply or suggest any endorsement by, or affiliation with that manufacturer or supplier. All trade names, trademarks and manufacturer names (including McDonnell Douglas, Boeing, Pratt & Whitney, U.S. Navy, NAVAIR, and DC-9) are the property of their respective owners.