Boeing Company: A Century of Aviation Leadership

Boeing Company: A Century of Aviation Leadership

Few names in the history of aviation carry the weight of Boeing. Founded in Seattle in 1916 by William E. Boeing, the company has grown from a small wooden biplane manufacturer into one of the world's largest aerospace and defence corporations — shaping the course of commercial aviation, strategic bombing, aerial refuelling, airborne command and control, and space exploration across more than a century of continuous innovation.

At Online Aviation Library, we preserve the original technical documentation — flight manuals, maintenance handbooks, structural repair manuals, and systems descriptions — that underpins the operational history of Boeing's extraordinary aircraft portfolio. From the earliest biplanes of the 1920s through the iconic B-17 and B-29 of the Second World War, the jet age pioneers of the 1950s, and the wide-body revolution of the 1970s, these primary sources offer an authoritative window into a century of aerospace engineering excellence.

How to Use This Guide

Boeing's aircraft portfolio spans over a century and encompasses commercial airliners, strategic bombers, fighters, tankers, transports, maritime patrol aircraft, airborne command posts, and experimental types. Use the category sections and aircraft table below to navigate this extensive catalogue and find the documentation relevant to your research or restoration project.

▶ Early Boeing Aircraft (1916–1939)
Model Type First Flight Notes
Boeing NB Primary trainer 1924 US Navy biplane trainer
Boeing PW-9 (FB-5 / Model 15) Fighter 1923 US Army / Navy pursuit biplane
Boeing F2B Carrier fighter 1926 US Navy single-seat biplane fighter
Boeing F3B Carrier fighter 1927 US Navy biplane, successor to F2B
Boeing GA-1 Ground attack 1921 Experimental armoured triplane
Boeing XP-4 Experimental fighter 1926 Supercharged pursuit prototype
Boeing XPB Experimental patrol bomber 1925 Single prototype flying boat
Boeing XPBB Sea Ranger Patrol flying boat 1942 Large patrol bomber, cancelled after prototype
Boeing XF6B Experimental carrier fighter 1933 Biplane dive bomber prototype
Boeing XF8B Experimental fighter 1944 Long-range single-seat fighter prototype
Boeing P-12 Fighter 1929 US Army / Navy biplane fighter, 586 built
Boeing F4B Carrier fighter 1928 US Navy export version of P-12
Boeing P-26 Peashooter Fighter 1932 First all-metal monoplane fighter, 151 built
Boeing YB-9 Bomber 1931 Early monoplane bomber prototype
Boeing 80 Commercial airliner 1928 Trimotor biplane, 16 built
Boeing 95 Mail / cargo biplane 1928 Open-cockpit mail carrier
Boeing 247 Commercial airliner 1933 First modern airliner, 75 built
Boeing XB-15 Experimental heavy bomber 1937 Largest US aircraft of its era, 1 built
Boeing-Stearman Model 70/71/73/75/76 Primary trainer 1934 Iconic WWII biplane trainer, 10,000+ built

▶ World War II Aircraft (1939–1945)
Model Type First Flight Notes
Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress Heavy bomber 1935 12,731 built; backbone of USAAF strategic bombing
Boeing XB-38 Flying Fortress Experimental bomber 1942 Allison-engined B-17 variant, 1 converted
Boeing YB-40 Flying Fortress Escort gunship 1943 Heavily armed B-17 escort variant
Boeing B-29 Superfortress Very heavy bomber 1942 3,970 built; dropped atomic bombs on Japan
Boeing XB-39 Superfortress Experimental bomber 1944 Allison-engined B-29 variant, 1 converted
Boeing KB-29 Superfortress Aerial tanker 1948 B-29 converted for aerial refuelling
Boeing 307 Stratoliner Commercial airliner 1938 First pressurised airliner, 10 built
Boeing 314 Clipper Flying boat airliner 1938 Transatlantic flying boat, 12 built
Boeing PB2B Patrol flying boat 1942 Canadian-built Catalina variant for RCAF/RNZAF

▶ Post-War Piston & Early Jet Era (1945–1960)
Model Type First Flight Notes
Boeing B-50 Superfortress Strategic bomber 1947 Upgraded B-29, 371 built
Boeing KB-50 Aerial tanker 1950s B-50 converted for three-point refuelling
Boeing C-97 Stratofreighter Strategic transport 1944 888 built; military transport / tanker
Boeing KC-97 Stratofreighter Aerial tanker 1950 Primary USAF tanker of the 1950s
Boeing 377 Stratocruiser Commercial airliner 1947 Double-deck airliner, 56 built
Boeing B-47 Stratojet Strategic jet bomber 1947 2,032 built; first swept-wing jet bomber
Boeing YC-14 STOL transport prototype 1976 Upper-surface blowing STOL demonstrator
Boeing YL-15 Scout Liaison aircraft 1947 Light observation prototype
Boeing QSRA Quiet STOL research aircraft 1978 NASA-funded quiet approach research

▶ Jet Age Bombers & Tankers (1950s–2020s)
Model Type First Flight Notes
Boeing B-52 Stratofortress Strategic bomber 1952 744 built; still in active USAF service
Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker Aerial tanker 1956 732 built; primary USAF tanker
Boeing EC-135 Airborne command post 1960s Airborne command and control variant
Boeing RC-135 Reconnaissance 1960s Strategic reconnaissance platform
Boeing C-135 Stratolifter Strategic transport 1961 Cargo transport variant of 707 airframe
Boeing CC-137 Transport / tanker 1970s Canadian Armed Forces 707 variant
Boeing KC-10 Aerial tanker / transport 1980 DC-10 based tanker, 60 built
Boeing KC-46 Pegasus Aerial tanker 2015 767-based next-generation USAF tanker

▶ Commercial Jet Airliners (1958–Present)
Model Type First Flight Notes
Boeing 707 Narrow-body jet airliner 1957 1,010 built; launched the jet age
Boeing 720 Narrow-body jet airliner 1959 Lighter short/medium-range 707 variant
Boeing 727 Narrow-body jet airliner 1963 1,832 built; trijet workhorse
Boeing 757 Narrow-body jet airliner 1982 1,050 built; medium-range twin
Boeing 717 Narrow-body jet airliner 1998 156 built; MD-95 derivative

▶ Military Transports (1960s–2020s)
Model Type First Flight Notes
Boeing C-17 Globemaster III Strategic / tactical transport 1991 279 built; primary USAF heavy lifter
Boeing T-43 Navigation trainer 1973 737-based USAF navigator trainer

▶ Airborne Command, Control & Surveillance (1960s–2020s)
Model Type First Flight Notes
Boeing E-3 Sentry Airborne early warning 1972 707-based AWACS platform
Boeing E-4 Airborne command post 1973 747-based National Airborne Operations Center
Boeing E-6 Mercury Airborne command post 1987 707-based US Navy TACAMO platform
Boeing / Northrop Grumman E-8 Joint STARS Ground surveillance 1988 707-based battlefield surveillance
Boeing E-767 Airborne early warning 1996 767-based AWACS for Japan Air Self-Defense Force
Boeing P-8 Poseidon Maritime patrol 2009 737-based anti-submarine warfare aircraft

A Legacy Without Parallel

Boeing's contribution to aviation history is without parallel in scope or duration. From the fabric-covered biplanes of the 1920s through the pressurised stratospheric airliners of the 1940s, the swept-wing jet bombers of the 1950s, the wide-body revolution of the 1970s, and the advanced composite airliners of the 21st century, Boeing has been present at every major inflection point in the development of powered flight.

The technical documentation that underpins this history — the flight manuals, maintenance handbooks, structural repair manuals, wiring diagrams, and illustrated parts catalogues produced across more than a century of Boeing production — represents an invaluable resource for the aviation community. At Online Aviation Library, we are committed to preserving and making accessible these primary sources for the researchers, operators, historians, and enthusiasts who need them.